Contingency View of Management as a Unifying Theory of Management - 1375 Words

Contingency View of Management as a Unifying Theory of Management (Essay Sample) Content: Contingency View of Management as a Unifying Theory of ManagementName of StudentInstructorCourseUniversityLocation/CityDateIntroductionContingency view of management is a leadership model based on the behaviors which emphasize the differences of the problems faced by the management of a certain business for a period of time given. In management, it argues that solving several issues faced by a manager does not have an all-encompassing method. It is also applied in making decisions of large companies by the owner, as well as the strategies for motivating employees and determining the structure of an organization. This approach also stresses on the ownership and managerial decisions aimed at changing the environment faced by specific problems. Contingency theory also asserts that managers must take into account all current situational aspects and effectively act on these aspects in managing situations at hand, hence making decisions that will definitely solve the proble ms. According to this theory, the situation is what determines the management or leadership style to be used. This paper, therefore, aims at discussing the several ways in which the contingency view of management act as a unifying theory of management.Leadership as a process that involves an interaction of people with each other and their environmentsAccording to contingency view of management, leadership is a social process involving people. Management as a human factor is very important since people working together in an organization need to be brought together for a common purpose and goal. According to Contingency theory of management, one can access the situational favourability in an organization in three ways; through leader-member relationship. This element mainly addresses the manager's comprehensive relations with his team members within an organization.Secondly, the task structure, which is a type of element that relates to whether the combination of the work is highly s tructured or subjected to the required procedures as well the subject to enough measures of assessment. Some specific tasks are always easy to structure and access to the operation of an assembly line of organization members. Finally, the theory provides the position power element which normally is concerned with manager's level of authority in an organization. This is mainly based rewarding the best performing employees or punishing of other behaviors. Moreover, it states whether the manager derives his powers from providing extra bonuses for the employees who meet the sales objectives in an organization or terminating the employees' contract for failure to meet the goals.Motivational Approaches to LeadershipApplication of the contingency views to management has its foundation based on the contingency theory of the effectiveness of leadership (Shao, Feng Hu, 2016, pg. 145). In addition, this theory further explains that the effectiveness of leadership relates to a group in two maj or factors; the task motivation and relation motivation along with the circumstances. These two components can be measured by least preferred co-worker scale. This scale normally obligates the manager to identify the individual they rarely like working with then set a rate for that specific individual based on some management questions. Moreover, scores are always as either cooperative or non-cooperative. Contingency theory believes that individuals who usually have the highest score on this scale score always do maintain harmony in their organization work relationship while the people with less score are known for being motivated to focus more on work accomplishment. In addition, the theory outlines those relation motivations or task in the organization are always contingent upon the manager whether he or she is able to both manage and affect the people's situational favourability and outcome (Shao, Feng Hu, 2016, pg. 135).Consolidation of the leader-member relationship, task typ e and the power position in an organization creates a wide different situation. Situations are usually divided into three major sections; Favourable, unfavorable and finally the intermediate situations. As stated by the contingency theory, each of this different situations is usually managed by either the top or low least preferred co-worker scale (Cederlund, 2015, pg. 90). In addition, the theory argues that the top managers in this scale are appropriate at influencing the employee's behavior in intermediate setting while the low managers in the scale are most appropriate in the unfavorable and favorable situation.Multivariate Analysis TechniqueContingency theory rejects the point that there is only one way to manage an organization. It proposes that managers must always establish each evaluation and come up with most appropriate solutions to such situations. This approach basically needs the managers to avoid depending on policies and rules as their only guide to making decisions (Li et al, 2017, pg. 35). The dynamic managers who comprehend and applies the contingency theory in their organizations always operates in the midst of alertness and vigilance that demands their faculties. This theory encourages managers to make a decision concerning the organization as a whole. Managers performances must reflect the culture, the employees commitments and safety. In addition, the manager must respond to the problems attacking the company immediately after they are noticed. Double multiple foci of the manager in an organization motivate even the employees towards achieving the set goals and as well enhance good relationship within the workplace.For a manager to achieve a good working environment for the employees, he or she should be consistent in the application of the contingency theory. Managers must always be ready to evaluate the possible inputs that can contribute to any challenge in an organization. For example, the use of drop in activity, the manager should be able to discover what has resulted in this. An example is that of the bonus program set to the employees (Li et al, 2017, pg. 37). the shift of individual recognition to the team recognition and the loss of some benefits may result in each problem in an organization. Therefore the contingency managers have to be able to intergrade all these threats that affect the organizations and make effective decisions about each threat that create a conducive environment for the employees.Pragmatic Nature of Contingency TheoryCurrent management have evolved to solve different management problems and systematic utilization of human resources. In order to reduce the problems that an organization can be imposed to by the scientific management the employees productivity is always on top when they are supervised by the manager (Wang, Wu Zhang, 2016, pg. 185). A contribution of workers is always considered with the provision of job security that has rules and regulations. Transparent information sharing between the employees of different ranks and the manager creates a close relation in a workplace that results in the improvement of the company as well as the best working environment with the organization.Element of MaturityThe contingency theory as well act as a unifying factor in an organization by stating that instead of a manager using one style in management, successful leaders should always change their leadership styles based on the element of maturity of the individuals that they are leading and the type of the work in an organization(Romero et al, 2015, pg.263) . From the context of this theory, the leaders like the manager should be able to emphasize mostly on the task and the relation between them and the people they are leading depending on the goals of the organization achieved successfully. Maturity levels always vary on the incompetence or unwillingness to do a certain task or willingness and being able to perform the task. A successful leader will adopt lea dership procedure to match the maturity level of the employees. When a leader is able to mold his or her approach to the employees in a mature manner, the outcome in the productivity of the organization will always be positive. These mature approaches motivate the employees in a certain wa...

Writing a Good Scholarship Essay Sample

<h1>Writing a Good Scholarship Essay Sample</h1><p>Have you considered how to compose a decent grant paper tests? I, as well, once posed this equivalent inquiry. All things considered, you can either continue pondering and gain proficiency with the appropriate response or you can make a move and you will learn by doing.</p><p></p><p>Today, so as to acquire a portion of the responses to this inquiry, you need to accomplish something other than continue posing yourself this inquiry. You need to jump destined for success with learning.</p><p></p><p>So, on the off chance that you have been thinking about how to compose a decent grant article tests, at that point I need to show you the initial scarcely any means to assist you with beginning. The initial step is to locate a better than average book or instructional exercise to assist you with beginning. In the event that you don't have the opportunity, I suggest searching fo r a book on composing that has numerous models from various sites with the goal that you can look into between these resources.</p><p></p><p>The second step is to ask yourself these two inquiries. How would you know whether the assets I recommended above are acceptable assets or not? After you've experienced this procedure, you'll have the option to decide whether these assets merit your time or on the off chance that you ought to just feel free to purchase your own asset instead.</p><p></p><p>So, we should turn out how to compose a decent grant paper tests. The initial step is to discover assets that have straightforward data, simple to fathom models, and simple to compose examples.</p><p></p><p>The second step is to get off of the web, or into your eBook store, and discover some free examples for how to compose a decent grant exposition tests. Take as much time as necessary, take a seat at a PC, and begin comp osing the same number of models as you can, the quicker you'll have the option to complete, the more cleaned you'll be.</p><p></p><p>I trust this article will assist you with figuring out how to compose a decent grant exposition tests. There are a lot more tips and deceives that you can learn by perusing different web journals and articles that are composed on various topics.</p>

What Topics For A Compare And Contrast Essay Is Best?

<h1>What Topics For A Compare And Contrast Essay Is Best?</h1><p>So numerous individuals pose the inquiry, what points for a thoroughly analyze article? The appropriate response is consistently the equivalent; the subject ought to be something that is at the forefront of your thoughts. It doesn't make a difference what you are expounding on, you should ensure that it is an issue that is present and applicable to you personally.</p><p></p><p>Some individuals love to discuss their preferred band or artist, however they once in a while talk about the contrasts among them and the other various things that have turned out in the years since they have been celebrated. Others love to expound on how the pioneers of the organizations they work for, are superior to the organization presidents. You can expound regarding any matter that you need to and this can truly assist you with getting ready for your compose up.</p><p></p><p> When I was reading business for my undergrad considers, I had a teacher who gave us a standard of the great instances of things that you could expound on. The class had numerous understudies, so we could go over the recommendations he had given us and a few of us had composed a few distinct papers on a couple of various topics.</p><p></p><p>Keep as a top priority that when keeping in touch with you should attempt to consider your point in the event that you were chatting with somebody you know face to face. It might be ideal on the off chance that you attempt to think like your theme. Consider your crowd and see what it resembles to be an understudy of theirs and how they may respond to the inquiries that you are probably going to think of. This will make you increasingly proficient and assist you with having a simpler time expounding on your topic.</p><p></p><p>The fundamental motivation behind composing an investigate paper is to sho w why one specific thing is superior to another. While the facts demonstrate that in the event that you get out an amplifying glass and analyze yourself or your cohorts intently enough that you will discover approaches to show that you are superior to them, truly at long last you will need to record the reasons why you believe that approach to show the world what you are really about.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous different ways that you can use to show why one thing is superior to another, however a few people are progressively disposed to peruse books or articles regarding the matters of various things. There are likewise various online networks that you can join and examine a wide range of things about various subjects.</p><p></p><p>Don't overlook that there are numerous courses that can assist you with composing a school exposition that isn't just efficient and finished, yet in addition is liberated from blunders. Numerous school s will give a type of courses that are free and one of the approaches to improve your review will be to take a course that will assist you with making your own composing style and structure.</p><p></p><p>Now you can at last start to make sense of what subjects for a thoroughly analyze paper will be best for you. You should have a fabulous time while doing this and make certain to look at all of the alternatives that are accessible to you with the goal that you can set yourself up to compose your whole project.</p>

The Norm Of Reciprocity Is Explored By Female And Male...

Introduction: Because humans are perceptive animals, people would mirror their reactions with people around them. These responses allow people to feel as if they are following a social norm by not doing anything different from others. In this experiment, the norm of reciprocity is explored by female and male researchers to not only investigate the truth of this theory, but also observe the between gender differences to various facial expressions. Hypothesis: According to the norm of reciprocity, people are more likely to put the same expression as they see on others because In terms of the difference between the reactions for female and male researchers, both genders will most likely receive a smile more from females and the other†¦show more content†¦In the end, there were 257 students who completed the experiments, which means the results were concluded from a total of 1542 subjects and responses. Results: The overall results collected by 257 students for each of the expression is roughly 2.8 for frown, 3.2 for neutral, and 3.9 for smile, each data at a statistically significant p-value of 0.001. This result disproves the norm of reciprocity theory in the hypothesis since a frown received a response closer to neutral. Amongst the statistically significant data, male researchers received more smiles from the opposite gender when making a neutral and a smile compared to its own gender at p.01 for female researchers is receiving more smiles from the opposite gender when making a neutral face. In perspective of the difference between female and male researchers, females received more smiles from the same gender while male researchers received more smiles from the opposite gender. These data sets confirm the part in the hypothesis about men being less likely to offer a smile. Discussion: While conducting the experiment, there were still a few challenging factors. It was reported that making eye contact with passerbys was relatively difficult. Most people were either occupied by their phones or directly avoided eye contact. This makes the willing passersby a selective group of individuals who were comfortable in exposing themselves at a level ofShow MoreRelatedBoard Dynamics and the Inï ¬â€šuence of Professional Background, Gender and Ethnic Diversity of Directors11390 Words   |  46 Pages(Putnam, 1995), referring to the collective value of all â€Å"social networks† and the inclinations that arise from these networks for the people in them to do things for each other (known as â€Å"norms of reciprocity†). The term social capital emphasises a wide variety of speciï ¬ c beneï ¬ ts that ï ¬â€šow from the trust, reciprocity, information and cooperation associated with social networks. Social capital creates value for the people linked by the socia l ties created by these networks and can have ï ¬â€šow-on effectsRead MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Leadership Theories9999 Words   |  40 PagesPlatos Republic to Plutarchs Lives have explored the question of What qualities distinguish an individual as a leader? Underlying this search was the early recognition of the importance of leadership and the assumption that leadership is rooted in the characteristics that certain individuals possess. This idea that leadership is based on individual attributes is known as the trait theory of leadership. This view of leadership, the trait theory, was explored at length in a number of works in theRead MoreFactors Affecting Literature Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools in Uganda19646 Words   |  79 PagesEnglish 76 PART III: Availability of Resources and environment 77 Appendix I1: Teachers’ Questionnaire 81 PART I: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 81 PART III: Availability of Resources and environment 82 Appendix III: Observation Guide for the Researcher 87 Appendix IV: LETTER OF INTRODUCTION 90 ABSTRACT This study set out to explore the teaching and Learning of Literature in English. The specific objectives of this study were: To identify the appropriate instructional resources and methodsRead MorePersonal Cultural Orientation16493 Words   |  66 Pagesemerge, marketing effectively to consumers with differing cultural values is becoming important. 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Subsections of this instrument appear in each chapter throughout the book. Rating Scale 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Slightly disagree 4 Slightly agree 5 Agree 6 Strongly agree In regard to my level of self-knowledge: ______ ______ ______Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesexpected to match the leaders, Toyota and Nissan, within the next 10 years. Overview As this sketch of the evolution of management thinking in global car manufacturing suggests, changes in management practices occur as managers, theorists, researchers, and consultants seek new ways to increase organizational efï ¬ ciency and effectiveness. The driving force 20 Jones−George: Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 2. The Evolution of Management Thought  © The McGraw−HillRead MoreConflict Management and Emotional Intelligence63003 Words   |  253 Pages2010 ePublications@SCU is an electronic repository administered by Southern Cross University Library. 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Paper Writing Review - Learn How to Improve Your Writing

Paper Writing Review - Learn How to Improve Your WritingPaper writings review is the process of learning a writing style or skill and applying it to an article that you want to write. It is a way of improving your writing, which can be applied in other areas such as sales copywriting, web copywriting, or e-mail marketing.There are many ways to learn to write. There are some general strategies that have been around for years and are just as effective as the latest methods. There are some newer methods that are even more effective, but they are harder to implement in the hands of an amateur writer.One of the most important things to remember about learning the art of writing is that it takes time and practice. The key to learning any skill is the ability to practice until it becomes automatic. You may be doing it right now, but if you really wanted to do it right, you'd have to go out there and do it! The same thing applies to learning paper writings review.It will take time and patien ce to see good results. It will also take time to develop a style. Most people will never achieve perfect paper writings review until they write their first draft. It is well worth the time and effort to practice until you get it right.With so many different styles to choose from, it's important to pick one that suits your personality. We all have different personalities. Each person will respond to certain techniques better than others, so don't forget that in your paper writings review.One of the most important things to keep in mind when writing a paper writing a review is to use good examples to inspire you. Some people love to use good examples, while others will tend to write without an example, or they may completely ignore them.In either case, you should keep writing until you are writing to the style of an example. The same rule applies to using good examples.Learning paper writings review is a great way to improve your writing. I hope you've enjoyed this article. If you ha ve any questions, please feel free to contact me.

Lateral Violence and Uncivil Behavior in a Nursing Home Essay

Introduction Lateral violence in nursing is a topic that is beginning to attract a lot of attention. One study showed that the higher the incidence of workplace incivility, the lower the rate of productivity (Leiws, 2011, p. 44). Others have shown a correlation in the occurrence of lateral violence and decreased productivity and increased turnover, making this an important issue to address in the field of nursing (Ostrofsky, 2012, p. 20). Lateral Violence Experience My experience with nursing incivility began when I became a certified nursing assistant (CNA). I was hired at a local nursing home as a float CNA, but being that five out of the seven assignments on my unit has permanent CNAs, there were only two assignments I floated to.†¦show more content†¦If I asked for help with turning or repositioning heavy patients, I often got the same response. There were a few CNAs that I could rely on for assistance, but they were not always scheduled on the days I worked, so many times I was on my own. Due to the overt and covert uncivil behaviors expressed by my co-workers, I often dreaded going into work, despite really enjoyed assisting the nursing home patients. I also felt ethically uneasy, as I knew that many of the patients were not getting the care I would like to provide due to me not having enough time or enough assistance. It was discouraging to have this as my first nursing experience. Resolution Options Communication There are many options that I could have taken to address these issues with my coworkers. Yoder-Wise (2011) states that there are five different modes of conflict resolution: avoiding, accommodating, compromising, competing, and collaborating (p. 471). I learned from this experience that I often chose to avoid the conflict, so I could have started by being more assertive in expressing my needs. Since many of them had permanent assignments, they could have not been aware of how many patients I had that required a two-person transfer. If that did not improve the situation, I could have scheduled a time to meet with the nursing supervisor and director of nursing to express the problems I was having with getting assistanceShow MoreRelatedIncivility in Nursing School531 Words   |  2 Pageslike an alarm. Respect toward others is a behavior learned the majority of the time in childhood. As well as respect, manners and accountability for ones actions is also learned. The above mentioned student showed a lack of manners and respect for arguing with the instructor and a lack of accountability for the actions leading up to why they did not receive the extra credit. If someone is mistreating or being mistreated whether in the work place, home, or school it is the witness’s responsibilityRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

Business Law and Ethics Hospitality Law

Questions: 1. Is there an enforceable contract between Samantha and Julie? 2. Assuming there is an enforceable contract between Julie and Samantha, does Samantha need to pay $100 to Julies mother Martha? 3. Is promissory estoppel relevant to Samanthas dispute with Dave from Outrageous Costumes? 4. Is Will entitled to two free tickets for helping set up for the school play? Answers: 1. Enforceable Contract between Samantha and Julie Issue: The main issue is related to find the existence of an enforceable contract between Samantha and Julie. Rules: An enforceable contract refers to the contract which is recognized as valid by the courts and subject to the ability of the court to ensure compliance with its items.[1] A contract must consists of an offer, consideration, and acceptance to be legally valid and enforceable.[2] In addition, it can also be stated that if a contract lacks any of these elements, it is not an enforceable contract. Bressan v Squires requires to this situation, which states the importance of having consideration, offer, and acceptance elements to make a contract enforceable.[3]. Application On the basis of above definitions of an enforceable contract, it can be discussed that there is an enforceable contract between Samantha and Julie. It is because the contract between them includes specific components, which make it legally enforceable. Offer: An offer refers to a proposal made by a person to do a task or to pay an amount if the work is accepted. It makes a contract legally valid. In the given case, Samantha makes a proposal to Julie to prepare cakes and sandwiches for 100 people and Julie accepts this proposal by stating that "Yes I can and I will need one weeks notice and the price/charge will be $5 per person, so $500 in total". Acceptance: Another component is acceptance, which is related with an unconditional agreement to the exact terms and conditions of the offer[4]. The given case also contains this component because Julie accepts the proposal without any extra condition to the terms made by Samantha in the offer[5]. Consideration: It is also essential to make an enforceable contract that the payment must be exchanged for the promises comprised in a contract. This component also exists in the given case as Julie says Samantha that she will charge $5 per person or there will a $500 consideration in total. Samantha accepts this proposal and sends a text message on Julie's phone. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that as in the contract, there are all the essential elements such as legal consideration, proper offer and acceptance, the contract between Samantha and Julie is enforceable. 2. Samantha Vs Julie's Mother Issue: It is found from the case that ingredients for preparing cakes and sandwiches are used by Julie from her parents' household fridge and cupboard. Julie refuses to make a payment to her mother when she asks to pay her back for the ingredients. As a result, Julie's mother, Martha directly contacts Samantha and says that you need to give me $100 as Julie has used all my ingredients to prepare sandwiches and cakes. Martha says to adjust this amount out of the Julie's $500 in order to pay back for the expense incurred. The issue is that by assuming that 'there is an enforceable contract between Julie and Samantha, does Samantha need to pay $100 to Julies mother Martha'. Rule: As given in the case of "Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth", the courts recognize an enforceable contract valid, and thus, it is essential for the contract parties to make sure about the compliance with all terms and conditions[6]. It is assumed that there is an enforceable contract between Julie and Samantha and due to this, both Julie and Samantha has obligations to perform their tasks as per the contract. For example, Samantha will make a payment of $500 to Julie and Julie will provide cakes and sandwiches for 100 people. Application: As the contract is enforceable, Samantha is obliged towards Julie and make her payment as $500. In case, if she makes payment of $100 to Julie's mother and remaining $400 to Julie, it may result in the breach of the contract. It is because the enforceable contract exist between Samantha and Julie and Julie can sue Samantha for this.[7] Thus, there is no need for Samantha to pay $100 to Julie's mother Martha as it is the duty of Julie to make payment to her mother to pay back for the ingredients used. However, Samantha can guide Julie to pay to her mother as she also needs to pay back for the ingredients to the third party. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that Samantha does not require to pay the mother of Julie. 3. Relevancy of promissory estoppel to Samanthas dispute with Dave from Outrageous Costumes Issue The main problem is to identify that whether 'promissory estoppel is relevant for the dispute between Samantha and Dave from Outrageous Costumes'. Rule: The courts of equity originally established the doctrine Promissory Estoppel. In some case, in which an individual reasonably believes that he/she has entered into a contract, the doctrine of promissory estoppel arises[8]. Based on this reasonable opinion that there is a contract, the promisee changes his position materially. This situation occurs when the promise made by the likely offeror is illusory or when the promise cannot be fixed objectively. The law does not allow a promisee to suffer, if it can be demonstrated that the promisee has changed his/her position materially in reasonable reliance on the promise. It will be the obligation for the promisor to compensate the promisee. It shows that the promisor is estopped through this doctrine 'from avoiding a promise because to do so would be unjust to the promise'.[9] To determine the existence of Promissory estoppel, it is essential to show that the promisee detrimentally relied on the promise, and that the offeror never meant to give a gift to the promisee. The case applicable to this situation is "Central London Property v High Trees", in which landlord P promised to reduce rent for D. But, due to changes in circumstances after war, he did not reduce the rent. [10] Application: In the given case, Samantha mailed to Dave to prepare three Smurf space suits, with extra silver and blue. Dave e-mailed back to Samantha about his requirement to know the costumes size. Dave also writes Silver and Blue material is extra expensive. I rarely use it and will have to order it in specially. By knowing this, Samantha replies at once and says please go ahead and order the material I will provide the measurements the week before the production. In addition, she also writes in the mail that we dont have much time to get this all organised. It shows that Samantha promises to design costumes by using the material.[11] On the basis of this promise, Dave ordered the material and after receiving the material, he informed Samantha about starting of making the costumes. After receiving the message, Samantha ignores it as a parent offered to provide the costumes for free. Before two days the school production, Samantha informs Dave to cancel the order, but at that time, Dave has ne arly to complete the costumes, which he would not be able to reuse. However, there is no mutuality of offer because Samantha did not ordered to design the costumes after receiving the material by Dave. She simply promised to buy the material so that Dave can start the work as early as possible because they have lack of time.[12] It shows that the doctrine promissory estoppel is relevant to Samanthas dispute with Dave from Outrageous Costumes. It is because Dave started the making of costumes after receiving the material as well as informed about in this concern to Samantha based on her promise. Thus, he can sue Samantha under this doctrine to recover his payment for the material and the designing of the costumes. Although the court will not give him the full payment, however will compensate him for his actual loss based on her promise. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that promissory estoppel is relevant to 'Samanthas dispute with Dave from Outrageous Costumes'. 4. Evaluation of Will's Entitling to the Free Tickets Issue: The issue is as Will is amongst the first 10 parent, whether he is entitled to two free tickets offered by Samantha for helping in making arrangements for the school play. Rule: Between Will and Samantha, there is a contract, but this is not enforceable because it lacks the main elements of the contract. [13] The case, "Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co" applies to this event. In this case, the contract was valid as a unilateral contract comprising a valid offer and acceptance. [14] Application: Thus, it shows that there is an unilateral contract between Samantha and Will. As Samantha made a offer by sending an email stating requirements of some volunteers to help in making arrangements for the play to all the parents. She also says that ' The first 10 parents to arrive at 12.00 pm today to assist with the set up will receive two free tickets to tonights performance. In addition, there is also the acceptance of the contract by Will as he performed conditions stated in the offer by Samantha. For instance, Will sees the email and with the expectation to watch the play, he determines to work as a volunteer. As given in the case, 'Will is amongst the first 10 people to arrive and assists with the setup of the play'. It is assumed that Will plays the role of guardian for his younger brother regarding this play. Thus, it shows that Will is entitled to two free tickets as he assisted Samantha to set up for the school play. It is because he fulfill all the requirements of the promis e made by Samantha to offer two free tickets. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Will is eligible to get two free tickets from Samantha. Bibliography Barth, S. C. and Hayes, D. K. (2006) Hospitality Law: Managing Legal Issues in the Hospitality Industry. USA: John Wiley Sons. Blum, B. A. (2007) Contracts: Examples Explanations. Aspen Publishers Online. Galaty, F. W., Allaway, W. J. Kyle, R. C., (2001) Modern Real Estate Practice in Ohio. 5th ed. USA: Dearborn Real Estate. Goldman, A., Sigismond, W. D. (2010) Cengage Advantage Books: Business Law: Principles and Practices. Cengage Learning. Helewitz, J. A. (2007) Basic Contract Law for Paralegals. Aspen Publishers Online. Kelly, D., Hayward, R., Hammer, R. Hendy, J. (2013) Business Law. UK: Taylor Francis. McKendrick, E., (2012) Contract Law: Text, Cases, and Materials. UK: Oxford University Press.